![]() Prolonged OC use was more strongly associated with p53+ breast cancer among younger women only. Results: Risk factor profiles largely overlapped for p53+ and p53− breast cancer, with the exception of oral contraceptive (OC) use among younger women and a family history of breast cancer. Analyses were performed separately for younger (≤45 years) and older (>45 years) women. Two separate unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for p53+ and p53− breast cancer relative to controls for reproductive and other personal characteristics. Immunohistochemical staining for the p53 protein was performed on 638 archived tumor specimens 46% of cases were classified as p53+. ![]() Methods: Data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case–control study of 861 cases and 790 controls, were utilized. Objective: To evaluate the potential etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer by examining whether associations with reproductive and other personal characteristics differed by p53 protein expression status.
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